Reinterpretation of 'sperm pump' or 'sperm syringe' function with notes on other male internal reproductive organs in the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae). Cicero, J., W. Hunter, L. Cano, S. Saha, L. Mueller, and S. Brown (2020) Arthropod Struct. Devel. 54: 100915

New anatomical evidence from the male Asian citrus psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae) invokes controversy over the accepted function of some male reproductive organs in Psylloidea Cicero, J. and P. Stansly (2019) J. Insect Sci. 19(3): 1-7

Characterization and purification of proteins suitable for the production of antibodies against Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus Liu et al. (2017) Protein Expression and Purification

Susceptibility of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) and Its Parasitoid Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) to Entomopathogenic Fungi under Laboratory Conditions Ibarra-Cortés et al. (2017) Neotropical Entomology

Does the scion or rootstock of Citrus sp. affect the feeding and biology of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae)? Rodrigues Alves et al. (2017) Arthropod-Plant Interactions

Rehabilitation of Huanglongbing-affected Citrus Trees Using Severe Pruning and Enhanced Foliar Nutritional Treatments Rouse et al. (2017) HortScience

Molecular mechanisms behind the accumulation of ATP and H2O2 in citrus plants in response to ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ infection Pitino et al. (2017) Horticulture Research 

The influence of bacteria on multi-trophic interactions among plants, psyllids, and pathogen Tamborindeguy et al. (2017) Insect Science

Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus Encodes a Functional Salicylic Acid (SA) Hydroxylase That Degrades SA to Suppress Plant Defenses Li et al. (2017) APS Journals

LdtR is a master regulator of gene expression in Liberibacter asiaticus Pagliai et al. (2017) Microbial biotechnology

Metabolomic Response to Huanglongbing: Role of Carboxylic Compounds in Citrus sinensis Response to ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ and Its Vector, Diaphorina citri Killiny et al. (2017) Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions

Genetic Mechanisms of the Devious Intruder Candidatus Liberibacter in Citrus Martinelli et al. (2017) Frontiers

A plant pathogenic bacterium exploits the tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolic pathway of its insect vector Killiny et al. (2017) Virulence

A Small Wolbachia Protein Directly Represses Phage Lytic Cycle Genes in “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” within Psyllids Jain et al. (2017) ASM Journals

Delivery of dsRNA through topical feeding for RNA interference in the citrus sap piercing-sucking hemipteran, Diaphorina citri Killiny et al. (2017) Archives of insect

Symbionts in waiting: the dynamics of incipient endosymbiont complementation and replacement in minimal bacterial communities of psyllids Morrow et al. (2017) Microbiome

Feasibility of Using the Optical Sensing Techniques for Early Detection of Huanglongbing in Citrus Seedlings Pourreza et al. (2017) Robotics

Draft Whole-Genome Sequence of “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” Strain TX2351 Isolated from Asian Citrus Psyllids in Texas, USA Khunta et al. (2017) Genome Announc.

Interactions between entomopathogenic fungi and Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) populations under laboratory conditions Ibarra-Cortés et al. (2017) Journal of Pest Science

Metabolically speaking: Possible reasons behind the tolerance of Sugar Belle mandarin hybrid to huanglongbing Killiny et al. (2017) Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Economic injury levels for Asian citrus psyllid control in process oranges from mature trees with high incidence of huanglongbing Monso et al. (2017) PLOS One

Curry leaf smells better than citrus to females of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) Beloti et al. (2017) Arthropod-Plant Interactions

Defining the core citrus leaf- and root-associated microbiota: Factors associated with community structure and implications for managing Huanglongbing (Citrus greening) disease Blaustein et al. (2017) Applied and Env. Microbiology

Efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi against adult Diaphorina citri from laboratory to field applications Saldarriaga Ausique et al. (2017) Journal of Pest Science

Behavioral and hormetic effects of the butenolide insecticide, flupyradifurone, on Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Xue Dong Chen et al. (2017) Crop Protection

One target, two mechanisms: the impact of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus and its vector, Diaphorina citri on citrus leaf pigments Killiny et al. (2017) APS Journals

Influence of limiting and regulating factors on populations of Asian citrus psyllid and the risk of insect and disease outbreaks Udell et al. (2017) Annals of Applied Biology

Laboratory Evaluations of the Foraging Success of Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Flowers and Extrafloral Nectaries: Potential use of Nectar Plants for Conservation Biological Control of Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae) Patt et al. (2017) Florida Entomologist

Rapid Detection of Insecticide Resistance in Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) Populations, using a Bottle Bioassay Dong Chen et al. (2017) Florida Entomologist

Functional characterization of LotP from Liberibacter asiaticus Loto et al. (2017) Microbial biotechnology

Behavioral and hormetic effects of the butenolide insecticide, flupyradifurone, on Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Dong Chen et al. (2017) Crop Protection

Sclerenchymatous ring as a barrier to phloem feeding by Asian citrus psyllid: Evidence from electrical penetration graph and visualization of stylet pathways George et al. (2017) PLOS One

Spatiotemporal dynamics of the Southern California Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) invasion Bayles et al. (2017) PLOS One

Oral delivery of double-stranded RNAs induces mortality in nymphs and adults of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Manzano Galdeano et al. (2017) PLOS One

Life Cycle and Larval Predation by Ceraeochrysa valida (Banks) on Nymphs of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama Jose-Pablo et al. (2017) Southwestern Entomologist

Biological Control Using the Ectoparasitoid, Tamarixia radiata, against the Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina citri, in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas Flores et al. (2017) Southwestern Entomologist

Least square support vector machine for citrus greening by use of near infrared spectroscopy Liu et al. (2017) Second International Conference on Photonics and Optical Engineering

Influence of Abiotic Factors on Flight Initiation by Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae) Martini et al. (2017) Environ Entomol

SEC-Translocon Dependent Extracytoplasmic Proteins of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus Prasad et al. (2017) Frontiers

Unusual Five Copies and Dual Forms of nrdB in "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus”: Biological Implications and PCR Detection Application Zheng et al. (2017) Scientific Reports 

RNA interference of carboxyesterases causes nymph mortality in the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Abdelaziz Kishk et al. (2017) Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol.

Double stranded RNA delivery through soaking, mediates silencing of the muscle protein 20 and increases mortality to the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Yu et al. (2017) Pest Management Science

Quantification and ecological study of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus in citrus hosts, rootstocks and the Asian citrus psyllid Lin et al. (2017) Plant Pathology

A Plant Bacterial Pathogen Manipulates Its Insect Vector's Energy Metabolism Killiny et al. (2017) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 

Citrus huanglongbing in Argentina: detection and phylogenetic studies of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus Badaracco et al. (2017) Australasian Plant Pathology

Protein interaction networks at the host–microbe interface in Diaphorina citri, the insect vector of the citrus greening pathogen Ramsey et al. (2017) Royal Society

Apparent Tolerance to Huanglongbing in Citrus and Citrus-related Germplasm Godfrey et al. (2017) HortScience

Metabolite signature of the phloem sap of fourteen citrus varieties with different degrees of tolerance to Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus Killiny  et al. (2017) Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology

The complete mitochondrial genome of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) and phylogenetic analysis Xiong et al. (2017) Biochemical Systematics and Ecology

Detection of Huanglongbing in Florida using fluorescence imaging spectroscopy and machine-learning methods Bruno Wetterich et al. (2017) Appl. Opt.

Predominance of Single Prophage Carrying a CRISPR/cas System in “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” Strains in Southern China Zheng et al. (2016) PLOS One

SEC-Translocon Dependent Extracytoplasmic Proteins of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus Prasad et al. (2016) Frontiers

Tale of the Huanglongbing disease pyramid in the context of the citrus phytobiome Wang et al. (2016) APS Journals

Proteomics analysis reveals novel host molecular mechanisms associated with thermotherapy of ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’-infected citrus plants Nwugo et al. (2016) BMC Plant Biology

Latency and Persistence of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ in Its Psyllid Vector, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) Canale et al. (2016) APS Journals

Transgenic citrus expressing synthesized cecropin B genes in the phloem exhibits decreased susceptibility to Huanglongbing Zou, X., Jiang, X., Xu, L. et al. (2016) Plant Mol Biol 

Metabolomic analyses of the haemolymph of the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri, the vector of huanglongbing Killiny  et al. (2016) Physiological Entomology

Economic Analysis of Incentives to Plant Citrus Trees in Florida Spreen et al. (2016) HortTechnology 

Quality Matters: Influences of Citrus Flush Physicochemical Characteristics on Population Dynamics of the Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae) Sétamou  et al. (2016) PLOS One

Foliar Applications of Essential Nutrients on Growth and Yield of ‘Valencia’ Sweet Orange Infected with Huanglongbing Morgan et al. (2016) HortScience

Physiologic, anatomic, and gene expression changes in Citrus sunki, Poncirus trifoliata and their hybrids after Liberibacter asiaticus infection Pires Boava et al. (2016) APS Journals

Effects of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus on the fitness of the vector Diaphorina citri Ren et al. (2016) J Appl Microbiol

Metabolomic comparative analysis of the phloem sap of curry leaf tree (Bergera koenegii), orange jasmine (Murraya paniculata), and Valencia sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) supports their differential responses to Huanglongbing Killiny et al. (2016) Plant Signaling & Behavior

Morphological abnormalities and cell death in the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) midgut associated with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus Ghanim et al. (2016) Scientific Reports

Overexpression of a Modified Plant Thionin Enhances Disease Resistance to Citrus Canker and Huanglongbing (HLB) Hao et al. (2016) Frontiers

Influence of Citrus Source and Test Genotypes on Inoculations with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus Stover et al. (2016) HortScience

Acquisition, Replication and Inoculation of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus following Various Acquisition Periods on Huanglongbing-Infected Citrus by Nymphs and Adults of the Asian Citrus Psyllid Ammar et al. (2016) PLOS One

Proteomic maps of subcellular protein fractions of the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri, the vector of citrus huanglongbing Lu et al. (2016) Physiological Entomology

Molecular Responses to Small Regulating Molecules against Huanglongbing Disease Martinelli et al. (2016) PLOS One

Enhanced Acquisition Rates of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ by the Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae) in the Presence of Vegetative Flush Growth in Citrus Sétamou et al. (2016) Journal of Economic Entomology

Proteomic analysis highlights the role of detoxification pathways in increased tolerance to Huanglongbing disease Martinelli et al. (2016) BMC Plant Biology

Antennal and Abdominal Transcriptomes Reveal Chemosensory Genes in the Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina citri Wu et al. (2016) PLOS One

Enhanced Acquisition Rates of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ by the Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae) in the Presence of Vegetative Flush Growth in Citrus Sétamou et al. (2016) Journal of Economic Entomology

Serological detection of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ in citrus, and identification by GeLC-MS/MS of a chaperone protein responding to cellular pathogens Ding et al. (2016) Scientific Reports

Overexpression of a modified plant thionin enhances disease resistance to citrus canker and Huanglongbing (HLB) Hao et al. (2016) Frontiers

Long-Term Field Evaluation Reveals Huanglongbing Resistance in Citrus Relatives Ramadugu et al. (2016) APS Journals

Comparative proteomic analysis betweenfifth-instar nymphs and adults of Asian citrus psyllidDiaphorina citri IBRAHIM et al. (2016) Physiological Entomology

Impacts of Huanglongbing Symptom Severity on Fruit Detachment Force and Mechanical Properties of Sweet Oranges (Citrus sinensis) Chen et al. (2016) HortScience

Deciphering the Bacterial Microbiome in Huanglongbing-Affected Citrus Treated with Thermotherapy and Sulfonamide Antibiotics Yang et al. (2016) PLOS One

Transcriptome analysis of sweet orange trees infected with ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ and two strains of Citrus Tristeza Virus Fu et al. (2016) BMC Genomics

A review of techniques for detecting Huanglongbing (greening) in citrus Valdes et al. (2016) Canadian Journal of Microbiology

Metabolic variations in different citrus rootstock cultivars associated with different responses to Huanglongbing Albrecht et al. (2016) PPB

Zinc treatment increases the titre Candidatus Liberibacter in huanglongbing-affected citrus plants while affecting the bacterial microbiomes Zhang et al. (2016) Applied Microbiology

Reversal of Insecticide Resistance in Florida Populations of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) Coy et al. (2016) Florida Entomologist

Mitigating citrus huanglongbing via effective application of antimicrobial compounds and thermotherapy Yang et al. (2016) Crop Protection

Identification of the Genes Required for the Culture of Liberibacter crescens, the Closest Cultured Relative of the Liberibacter Plant Pathogens Lai et al. (2016) Front. Microbiol.

Distribution of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus above and below Ground in Texas Citrus Louzada et al. (2016) APS Journals

Amino acids implicated in plant defense are higher in Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus-tolerant citrus varieties Killiny et al. (2016)

Citrus Greening Disease (Huanglongbing) in Florida: Economic Impact, Management and the Potential for Biological Control Alvarez et al. (2016) Agricultural Research

Raman Spectroscopy an Option for the Early Detection of Citrus Huanglongbing Vallejo et al. (2016) SAGE Journals

Susceptibility of Sixteen Citrus Genotypes to ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ McCollum et al. (2016) APS Journals

Rapid and quantitative detection of citrus huanglongbing bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ by real-time fluorescent loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay in China Wu et al. (2016) Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology

The Influence of Learning on Host Plant Preference in a Significant Phytopathogen Vector, Diaphorina citri Stockton et al. (2016) PLOS ONE

Conventional Citrus of Some Scion/Rootstock Combinations Show Field Tolerance under High Huanglongbing Disease Pressure Stover et al. (2016) HortScience

Repellency of selected Psidium guajava cultivars to the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Silva et al. (2016) Crop Protection

Zinc treatment increases the titer of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ in HLB-affected citrus plants while affecting the bacterial microbiomes Zhang et al. (2016) Journal of Applied Microbiology

Better Together: Association With ‘Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus’ Increases the Reproductive Fitness of Its Insect Vector, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) Pelz-Stelinski et al. (2016) Entomological Society of America

Possible role of plant volatiles in tolerance against Huanglongbing in citrus Faraj et al. (2016) Plant Signaling & Behavior

Inter-Population Variability of Endosymbiont Densities in the Asian Citrus Psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) Chu et al. (2016) Microbial Ecology

Ultrastructure of the salivary glands, alimentary canal and bacteria-like organisms in the Asian citrus psyllid, vector of citrus huanglongbing-disease bacteria Ammar et al. (2016) Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure

Suitability of native North American Rutaceae to serve as host plants for the Asian citrus psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae) Sétamou et al. (2016) Journal of Applied Entomology

‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’, Causal Agent of Citrus Huanglongbing, Is Reduced by Treatment with Brassinosteroids Canales et al. (2016) PLOS ONE

Movement of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) Adults between Huanglongbing-Infected and Healthy Citrus Wu et al. (2015)  Florida Entomological

Transmission and Propagation of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ by Grafting with Individual Citrus Leaves Hilf et al. (2015) APS Journals

Monitoring for Insecticide Resistance in Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) Populations in Florida Kanga et al. (2015) Journal of Economic Entomology

Characterization of a Recombinant Cathepsin B-Like Cysteine Peptidase from Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae): A Putative Target for Control of Citrus Huanglongbing Da Silva et al. (2015) PLOS ONE

Prophage-Encoded Peroxidase in ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ Is a Secreted Effector That Suppresses Plant Defenses Jain et al. (2015) APS Journals

Draft Genome Sequence of “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” from Diaphorina citri in Guangdong, China Wu et al. (2015) ASM Genome Announc.

A diverse array of new viral sequences identified in worldwide populations of the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) using viral metagenomics Nouri et al. (2015) ASM Journal of Virology.

Metabolic Interplay between the Asian Citrus Psyllid and Its Profftella Symbiont: An Achilles’ Heel of the Citrus Greening Insect Vector Ramsey et al. (2015) PLoS ONE

Impact of different temperatures on survival and energy metabolism in the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama Ibrahim El-Shesheny et al. (2015) Elsevier

Field Evaluation of Plant Defense Inducers for the Control of Citrus Huanglongbing Jinyun Li et al. (2015) The American Phytopathological Society

Characterization of the voltage-gated sodium channel of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Liu et al. (2015) Insect Science

Global climate suitability of citrus huanglongbing and its vector, the Asian citrus psyllid, using two correlative species distribution modeling approaches, with emphasis on the USA Narouei-Khandan et al. (2015) European Journal of Plant Pathology

Diaphorina citri populations carrying the bacterial plant pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus are more susceptible to infection by entomopathogenic fungi than bacteria-free populations Orduño-Cruz et al. (2015) Agricultural and Forest Entomology

Huanglongbing: An overview of a complex pathosystem ravaging the world's citrus Graca et al. (2015) Journal of Integrative Plant Biology

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) based method for rapid and sensitive detection of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ in citrus and the psyllid vector, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama Ghosh et al. (2015) Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology

Changes in Variable Number of Tandem Repeats in Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus through Insect Transmission Katoh et al. (2015) PLOS ONE

Asian Citrus Psyllid Expression Profiles Suggest Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus-Mediated Alteration of Adult Nutrition and Metabolism, and of Nymphal Development and Immunity Vyas et al. (2015) PLOS ONE

Deep Characterization of the Microbiomes of Calophya spp. (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) Gall-Inducing Psyllids Reveals the Absence of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria and Three Dominant Endosymbionts Overholt et al. (2015) PLOS ONE

NMR-Based Metabolomic Analysis of Huanglongbing-Asymptomatic and -Symptomatic Citrus Trees Freitas et al. (2015) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

Efficacy of essential oil of Piper aduncum against nymphs and adults of Diaphorina citri Volpe et al. (2015) Pest Management Science

Antimicrobial Nanoemulsion Formulation with Improved Penetration of Foliar Spray through Citrus Leaf Cuticles to Control Citrus Huanglongbing Yang et al. (2015) PLOS ONE

Absence of windbreaks and replanting citrus in solid sets increase density of Asian citrus psyllid populations Martini et al. (2015) Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Comprehensive meta-analysis, co-expression, and miRNA nested network analysis identifies gene candidates in citrus against Huanglongbing disease. Rawat et al. (2015) BMC Plant Biology

Transgenic Citrus Expressing an Arabidopsis NPR1 Gene Exhibit Enhanced Resistance against Huanglongbing (HLB; Citrus Greening) Dutt et al. (2015) PLOS One

Comparison of Potato and Asian Citrus Psyllid Adult and Nymph Transcriptomes Identified Vector Transcripts with Potential Involvement in Circulative, Propagative Liberibacter Transmission Tonja et al. (2014) Pathogens

A rapid field detection system for citrus huanglongbing associated Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus from the psyllid vector, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama and its implications in disease management. Keremane et al. (2014) Crop Protection

Metabolite Signature of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus Infection in Two Citrus Varieties. Chin et al. (2014) J. Agric. Food Chem

Characterization of the Asian Citrus Psyllid Transcriptome. Reese et al. (2014) J. Genomics

Unique Features of a Japanese 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' Strain Revealed by Whole Genome Sequencing Katoh et al. (2014) PLOS One

Genetic Diversity of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus Based on Two Hypervariable Effector Genes in Thailand Puttamuk, et al. (2014) PLOS One

Prophage-Mediated Dynamics of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' Populations, the Destructive Bacterial Pathogens of Citrus Huanglongbing Zhou et al. (2013) PLOS One

Gene Regulatory Networks Elucidating Huanglongbing Disease Mechanisms Martinelli et al. (2013) PLOS One

Horizontal Gene Acquisition of Liberibacter Plant Pathogens from a Bacteriome-Confined Endosymbiont of Their Psyllid Vector Nakabachi et al. (2013) PLOS One

The Intracellular Citrus Huanglongbing Bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus Encodes Two Novel Autotransporters Hao et al. (2013) PLOS One

Manipulation of Plant Defense Responses by the Tomato Psyllid (Bactericerca cockerelli) and Its Associated Endosymbiont Candidatus Liberibacter Psyllaurous Casteel et al. (2012) PLOS One

'Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus Proteins Orthologous with pSymA-Encoded Proteins of Sinorhizobium meliloti: Hypothetical Roles in Plant Host Interaction Kuykendall, et al. (2012) PLOS One

Metabolomic Analysis of Citrus Infection by Candidatus Liberibacter Reveals Insight into Pathogenicity. Slisz et al. (2012) J. Proteome Res

Sexual Transmission of a Plant Pathogenic Bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, between Conspecific Insect Vectors during Mating Mann et al. (2011) PLOS One

Complete Genome Sequence of Citrus Huanglongbing Bacterium, ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ Obtained Through Metagenomics. Duan et al. (2009) MPMI